This survey of migration in the modern world begins in the 16th century with the establishment of European colonies overseas, and covers the history of migration to the late 20th century, when global communications and transport systems stimulated immense and complex flows of labour migrants and skilled professionals. In 95 contributions, leading scholars from 27 different countries consider a wide variety of issues including migration patterns, the flights of refugees and illegal migration. Each entry is a substantive essay, supported by up-to-date bibliographies, tables, plates, maps and figures. As a wide-ranging coverage of migration, this volume should be a useful reference tool for scholars and students in the field.