This encyclopedia explores early European civilizations outside the orbit of Greece and Rome; this two-volume set reviews the rise of farming in the Neolithic era, the mysterious megalith builders of Stonehenge, and many other peoples who have traditionally been seen as "barbarian" when viewed through the lens of Greece and Rome. Coverage extends from prehistoric origins through the early Middle Ages, when tribal movements helped to define the end of ancient culture and the rise of an early modern European world.