This text captures some of the most important voices, including those of residents of Jedwabne itself as well as those of journalists, intellectuals, politicians, Catholic clergy and historians both within and well beyond Poland's boarders. Antony Polonsky and Joanna Michlin introduce the debate, focusing particularly on how "Neighbors" rubbed against difficult old and new issues of Polish social memory and national identity. The editors then present a variety of Polish voices grappling with the role of the massacre and of Polish-Jewish relations in Polish history. They include samples of the various strategies used by Polish intellectuals and political elites as they have attempted to deal with their country's dark past, to overcome the legacy of the Holocaust and to respond to Gross' book. "The Neighbors Respond" makes the debate over "Neighbors" available to an English speaking audience. It contributes to modern Jewish history, to our understanding of Polish modern history and identity and to our bank of Holocaust memory.