During the 1990s there have been changes in the ecological landscape. There is increased awareness of the importance of scale, the role of disturbance, the necessity for conservation, the potential for restoration, and the power of genetics in understanding relationships among organisms. Building on traditional foundations - evolution and adaptation, energy flow, population and community interactions, and behavioural ecology - the new edition of Ecology emphasizes modern concepts and approaches to present an accessible and comprehensive treatment of the field of ecology.