Italian theater brings early on stage some of the most signifi cant productions of the 20th century, with major playwrights holding a pivotal role in the renewal of the European stage: Gabriele DAnnunzio, Eduardo De Filippo, Dario Fo, Luigi Chiarelli, Luigi Antonelli, Rosso di San Secondo, Enrico Cavacchioli, Massimo Bontempelli, Dacia Maraini, Ugo Betti, Diego Fabbri, thanks to such innovative movements from the early century called grotteschi and futuristi. If the early Pirandellian plays are added, we will have a comprehensive view of twentieth century theater, and the weight it will carry upon the coming generations.