Excerpt from A Key to the Western Calculator: Containing the Solution of All the Examples and Questions for Exercise, With Reference to the Pages Where They Stand The sign of equality, and is pronounced equal. The sign of addition, pronounced added to. The sign of subtraction, pronounced subtracted by. X The sign of multiplication, pronounced multiplied by. The sign of division, pronounced divided by. The sign of proportion, pronounced is to, so is, to. (0 Sign of difference, pronounced the difference between. Or i, The sign of the square root. V, or s, The sign of the cube root. 72, Denotes that the number 7 is to be squared. 83, Denotes that the number 8 is to be cubed. Or, Vinculum, and parenthesis.

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