Islamic philosophy has often been treated as being largely of historical interest, belonging to the history of ideas rather than to philosophical study. This volume successfully overturns such a view. Emphasising the living nature and rich diversity of the subject, it examines the main thinkers and schools of thought, from the earliest period to the present day. discusses the key concepts of Islamic philosophy, and in related traditions in Greek and Western philosophy. covers a vast geographical area, analysing Islamic philosophy in the Arabic, Persian, Indian, Turkish and South East Asian worlds as well as in the Jewish tradition. This indispensable reference tool includes a comprehensive bibliography and an extensive index.