Introduction.- Data-Driven Discovery of Physical, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Materials.- Cross-Validation and Inference in Bioinformatics/Cancer Genomics.- Applying MQSPRs - New Challenges and Opportunities.- Data Mining in Materials Science.- Data Science in the Defense Establishment.- Combining Heuristic and Physics-Based Methods for Predicting Nanocomposite Properties.- From Ferroelectrics to Fuel Cells: In Search of Descriptors for the Transport Properties of Complex Oxides.- Computationally Driven Targeting of Advanced Thermoelectric Materials.- The MGI, Materials Informatics, and NIST) Microstructure Informatics for Mining Structure-Property-Processing Linkages.- A Genomic Approach to Properties of MAX Phase Compounds.- Accelerating Discovery of Complex Formulations and Molecules.- Optimal Learning for Discovering Minimal Peptide Substrates.- Model-based Classification: Predictive and Optimal.