Decisions of international courts and arbitrators, as well as judgments of national courts, are fundamental elements of modern public international law. The International Law Reports is the only publication in the world wholly devoted to the regular and systematic reporting in English of such decisions. It is therefore an absolutely essential work of reference. Volume 176 is devoted to the 2017 Grand Chamber judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union in A and Others vs. Minister van Buitenlandse Zaken (Case C-158/14), the judgment of the Constitutional Court of Latvia in Latvian State Pension for Non-Citizens Case and the related European Court of Human Rights judgment in Andrejeva vs. Latvia, and the judgment of the High Court of South Africa in Democratic Alliance vs. Minister of International Relations and Cooperation.