This paper looks at the possible paths for policy and development in Indonesia under the leadership of the seventh president of Indonesia, Joko Widodo. The first part is a stocktake of the challenges that lie ahead. The stocktake assesses the state of play in five areas: the political system; economic challenges; government and administration; social issues; and foreign affairs.Then two possible scenarios of governance under the new administration are considered: an outward-looking reform path or an inward-looking resilience path.The country's seventh president, Joko Widodo, will need to decide whether to adopt one of these paths or select policies that combine elements from both the reform and the resilience paths.