The interdisciplinary papers in this volume focus on the translation of texts in its broadest meaning. The contributors represent Latin, Slavic, English and Scandinavian philologies and deal with very different aspects of translation as for example 'The Aftermath of the Norman Conquest', 'Re-writing parts of Europe in vernacular adaptations of the Imago Mundi', 'Translating A Philosophical Style', 'The Hermeneutics of Animal Voices in Early Medieval England', 'Vernacular Literary Cultures in the Latin West', 'Latin, Medieval Cosmopolitanism, and the Dynamics of Untranslatability', 'Non-Autonomy of South Slavic Metaphrastic Translation', and 'Alexander and the Ars Dictaminis'. It is the aim of all contributions as well as the whole volume to demonstrate the importance of translation in the Middle Ages as a means of not only linguistic transfer but also of a transfer of culture and knowledge.