In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, revolutionary movements toppled monarchies and gave rise to republics in the United States, France, and Latin America. Around the same time, the Industrial Revolution transformed economies, while Russias 1917 revolution represented a pivot from this revolutionary era into the modern era. This series explores each of these revolutions, from the prior political, economic, and societal conditions to the grievances that built into an eruption of popular anger and social upheaval. The immediate aftermath and global ripple effects over time are also considered.