In 1878, the author Marius Roux, a noted friend of Emile Zola and Paul Cezanne, published "La proie et l'ombre", a little-known roman a clef featuring a thinly disguised Cezanne as the main character, Germain Rambert. The text prominently features several conversations drawn from famous Impressionist discussions on the nature of art. "La proie et l'ombre" offers a unique insight into the thoughts and lives of the Impressionists. Cezanne scholar Paul Smith has resurrected this all-but-forgotten novel, recognizing its value in expanding our understanding of the Impressionists' world in general and Cezanne's in particular. This translation, titled "The Substance and the Shadow", also brings to the foreground the effects of a burgeoning capitalist economy on the artistic practices of the period. With the recent advent of the salons, art in France was no longer reserved for the privileged few, and artists increasingly found themselves attempting to appeal to the merchant classes. Art had become a commercial endeavor in ways never before imagined, and the story details Rambert's - and, by extension, Cezanne's - attempts to cope with the shift.
In a substantial introductory essay, Paul Smith discusses the nature of the roman a clef and its use as a historical document, and provides an examination of the relationship between Roux's characters and their real-life counterparts. "The Substance and the Shadow" also offers an analysis of Roux's correspondence by distinguished Zola scholar Clive Thompson.