This book comprises 15 chapters contributed by scientists and experts from countries including Australia, India, Peru, USA, UK, and Zimbabwe and is divided into four sections. Section I of the book deals with the challenges in food safety such as chemical contaminants, nanoparticles used in agriculture in form of fertilizers and pesticides, microplastics, organic pollutants like perfluoro-octane sulphonate and consist of six chapters. Section II is dedicated to heavy metal contamination in food such as high cadmium exposure and associated health risks and contains four chapters. Section III includes four chapters that highlight arsenic contamination in the food and food chain system—a serious threat to food security and human health. To summarize and provide a way forward, a chapter has been included in Section IV. The book is an informative source of reference to the researchers and scientists working in the area of food science and technology, food regulators, policymakers, producers, healthcare providers, educators, consumers, and other stakeholders.