Statistics plays a central role in industrial quality control and high-class quality maintenance in products. Statistical designs and data collection are central also in government planning and program implementation. These two important aspects of statistical theory and applications will be of focus of this volume. We aim to cover as many applications that use statistics as an underlying tool in bringing the best quality products and industrial designs. Indian Statistical Institute played an important role in developing quality control measures during the 1940s-70s due to C.R. Rao and those methods helped to train several statistical industries and engineers across the world, for example, Genichi Taguchi of Japan, etc who revolutionized industrial quality in Japan. There are several such examples. - Easy to understand concepts - Materials provided in implementable way - Written experts in the field