Sex, gender identity, and sexual orientation are key indicators of the demographic diversity in the United States and core aspects of identity that shape opportunities, experiences with discrimination, and outcomes through the life course. Therefore, it is crucial that measures of these concepts accurately capture their underlying complexity. Recognition of the diversity within the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, and other sexual and gender minorities-the LGBTQI+ population-has also led to a reexamination of how the concepts of sex, gender identity, and sexual orientation are measured. Better measurement will improve the ability to identify sexual and gender minority populations and understand the challenges they face. Although knowledge of these challenges has increased significantly over the past decade, glaring gaps remain, often driven by a lack of reliable data. The report, Measuring Sex, Gender Identity, and Sexual Orientation, reviews current measures and the methodological issues related to measuring sex as a non-binary construct, gender identity, and sexual orientation. It offers principles for data collection, guidelines for collecting sex and gender data, and criteria for selecting recommended measures for sexual orientation identity. Additionally, the report recommends specific questions that can be used within the general adult population to assess sexual orientation, identity, sex assigned at birth, and gender identity, and to identify people with transgender experience and intersex traits. Also of Interest... Principles and Practices for a Federal Statistical Agency: Seventh Edition ISBN: 978-0-309-68114-8,138 pages, 6 × 9, paperback (2021), Understanding the Well-Being of LGBTQI+ Populations ISBN: 978-0-309-68081-3,436 pages, 6 × 9, paperback (2020), Measuring the 21st Century Science and Engineering Workforce Population: Evolving Needs ISBN: 978-0-309-46913-5,212 pages, 6 × 9, paperback (2018), Sexual Harassment of Women: Climate, Culture, and Consequences in Academic Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, ISBN: 978-0-309-47087-2,312 pages, 6 × 9, paperback (2018), The Health of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender People: Building a Foundation for Better Understanding ISBN: 978-0-309-37909-0,366 pages, 6 × 9, paperback (2011) Book jacket.