Women often appear invisible in what is widely perceived as the male-oriented society of Islam. This work seeks to redress the balance with a series of essays on women in the pre-modern phase of Islamic history. The reader will encounter here rulers, politicians, poets and patrons, as well as some larger than life fictitious females from the pages of Arabic, Persian and Turkish literature. There are also accounts of quiet or troubled lives of ordinary women preserved in the court records of Mamluk Egypt and Ottoman Turkey, reminders that historical research can resuscitate the lives of subaltern as well as elite women from the past.