This text seeks to provide answers to the questions: can mainstream therapeutic orientations co-exist in harmony?; are the frictions between them serious or unimportant?; is integrationism a myth or a new orientation in the making?; and can therapy continue being a pluralistic field? The book demonstrates that 20th-century psychotherapy has been characterized by serious disagreement on views of human nature, treatment rationales and goals. The eight contributors focus on the diversity of their chosen methods of psychotherapy, and show why they cannot, for the most part, be integrated with other approaches. They identify the distinctive properties of their orientations, and discuss questions such as: why they came to found, adapt or choose the methodology they currently practise; what criticisms they consider valid; which other approaches they consider effective, misleading or dangerous; which approaches seem more promising or effective; why their approach is more effective or comprehensive, and suited to certain clients and problems; and research findings which suggest that no one approach is more valid than any other.