X-ray computed tomography (CT) has experienced tremendous growth in recent years, in terms of both basic technology and new clinical applications. This book provides an overview of the evolution of CT, the mathematical and physical aspects of the technology, and the fundamentals of image reconstruction using algorithms. It examines image display from traditional methods through the most recent advancements, and it discusses key performance indices, theories behind the measurement methodologies, and different measurement phantoms in image quality. General descriptions and different categories of artifacts, their causes, and their corrections are considered at length.