This text provides a unified view of tomographic techniques, a common mathematical framework, and an in-depth treatment of reconstruction algorithms. It focuses on the reconstruction of a function from line or plane integrals, with special emphasis on applications in radiology, science and engineering. The book covers the relevant mathematical theory of the Radon transform and related transforms and also studies more practical questions such as stability, sampling, resolution and accuracy. Much attention is given to the derivation, analysis, and practical examination of reconstruction algorithms, for both standard problems and incomplete data.