This study examines the finance procedures and documents of the post-classical Ottoman Empire. As well as providing an overview of institutional and monetary history, the text contains a description of assessment and collection processes for "Cizye", "Avariz" and "Iltizam"-collected taxes, the documents produced by these processes and the information they contain. The finance department's detailed record-keeping, procedural continuity and provision of economic justice made it a bulwark of stability in a period of turmoil. For specialists, this book introduces sources on the economic and social history of the post-classical age, while for comparativists it places the empire in its 17th-century context. It links the Ottoman administrative change with early modern state formation and reformulates the 17th century as a period of consolidation, not decline.