1. INTRODUCTION TO CONCRETE

1.1 Constituents of concrete

1.1.1 Importance of the Ingredients of Concrete

1.2 Characteristics of Concrete

1.2.1 Fresh Concrete

1.2.2 Hardened Concrete

1.2.3 Workability of Concrete

1.2.4 Stability of Concrete

1.2.5 Segregation of Concrete

1.2.6 Bleeding on Concrete

1.2.7 Curing of concrete

1.3 Cement

1.3.1 Manufacturing Process of Cement

1.3.2 Bogues compounds and its significance

1.4 Tests on Cement

1.4.1 Physical Tests

1.4.2 Chemical Tests

1.5 Types of Cement

1.5.1 Ordinary portland Cement

1.5.2 Pozzolana Portland Cement

1.6 Aggregate

1.6.1 Fine Aggregate

1.6.2 Coarse Aggregate

1.6.3 Tests on Aggregate

1.7 Water

2. TESTS ON HARDENED CONCRETE

2.1 Mechanical Properties of Concrete

2.1.1 Compressive Strength

2.1.2 Split tensile Strength

2.1.3 Flexural Strength

2.1.4 Bond Strength

2.2 Durability Properties of Concrete

2.2.1 Acid Attack test

2.2.2 Acid Durability factor

2.2.3 Sorptivity Studies

3. ADMIXTURES IN CONCRETE

3.1 Mineral Admixture

3.2 Chemical Admixture

4. DISADVANTAGES OF CEMENT PRODUCTION

4.1 How global warming related to manufacturing process of cement

4.2 Various supplementary cementitious materials used in concrete

5. HYPO SLUDGE AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT

5.1 Ingredients present in Hypo sludge concrete

5.2 Chemical composition of Hypo sludge compared to cement

5.3 Advantages of using Hypo sludge as partial replacement as cement in concrete

5.4 Illustration- 1- Advancement of Physical Properties of Hypo sludge concrete for M 20 Grade of concrete

6. MARBLE POWDER AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT

6.1 Ingredients present in concrete

6.2 Chemical composition of marble powder compared to cement

6.3 Advantages of using marble powder as partial replacement as cement in concrete

6.4 Illustration- 2- Determination of strength properties of concrete using Marble Powder as partial replacement as cement in concrete

7. CERAMIC POWDER AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT

7.1 Ingredients present in concrete

7.2 Chemical composition