This title is concerned with the sweeping changes that took place in public assistance programmes at the end of the 20th century and the way in which the original and reformed versions of these programmes relate to the well-being of children and their families. The authors critically review the original conceptualizations and the new directions of programs offering cash assistance, food assistance, health insurance, and child protection services to low-income and disabled children and their families - thus, changes in the welfare programmes themselves. And throughout, their concern is with whether and how these programs alter the opportunities for the development of the children targeted by these programmes - thus, changes in the welfare of children and their families. The objective of each chapter of the book is to rigorously highlight key theoretical and research issues, including the identification of major empirical findings and unanswered questions. Wherever relevant, the chapters connect theory and research to policy and practice, pointing to recommendations and challenges for the future including alternative approaches for research, policy and practice.