The main theme of the meeting was "Dealing with Antiquity - Past, Present, and Future." It was organized into three sections: Past - the role of the past for the cultures of the Ancient Near East; Present - the heritage of the Ancient Near East, its reception history and contribution to global heritage; Future - the tasks and challenges especially for the protection of cultural assets and the enhancement of the possibilities offered by digital humanities. The broad range of topics was the first time in the focus of a Rencontre. More than 200 papers were read in several parallel sessions and within the framework of twelve thematic workshops. This book publishes three "Opening Lectures" as well as 27 of the revised essays dealing with the main theme of the Rencontre.