It is usually considered that physical borders and social boundaries can easily be distinguished, the former enforcing the territories of states, whereas the latter mark social differences between groups. The two entities are, however, increasingly interconnected. Thus, the refugee crises in Europe, the United States, the Middle East, and elsewhere, reveal how racial, ethnic and religious boundaries serve to justify the strengthening of state borders - regardless of the human cost. Deepening Divides explores the relationship between borders and boundaries from various theoretical perspectives. Across a wide variety of case studies, covering five continents, the book examines how societies establish moral hierarchies, legal exclusions and social inequalities among their immigrants and their citizens. Book jacket.