Precision Medicine is a medical model that proposes the customization of healthcare, with medical decisions, treatments, practices, or products being tailored to the individual patient. It has a particularly important role in the treatment of inherited diseases and cancer as physicians often screen for genetic markers in their patients, yet it is increasingly clear that clinicians are only tapping the surface of what it can offer. Developing new diagnostic tests and expanding the use of biomarkers enables the identification of the molecular cause of disease, and ultimately supports the development of novel, more precisely targeted treatments. This book will support the literature in the area from the bioanalytical point of view. The scientific and medical community are interested in this area with detection methods covering topics for physicians, medical laboratory technologists and scientists/engineers.