The current climate of fiscal austerity poses significant challenges for the health of populations across Europe. Deteriorating social conditions make some groups of individuals especially vulnerable to illness and have the potential to exacerbate existing inequalities in health and in access to healthcare. These challenges are occurring alongside other significant trends, such as: the integration of health and social services; a growing emphasis on individual responsibility for health and lifestyles; the pharmaceuticalization of everyday life; and the increasing deterioration in the mental health of people in contemporary societies. The work of healthcare professionals is also undergoing significant changes, as their work comes under increased surveillance and monitoring, raising implications for the relations with patients, for the kind of care that is provided, and for the experience of patients. In different ways, and based on different cases, this book deals with challenges for health and healthcare in a European context. This includes challenges on an individual level, such as individual views and behaviour, and on a societal level, such as inequality. The book applies to students, researchers, healthcare professionals, and decision-makers within health and healthcare in a national or international context. Subject: Social Work, Healthcare Studies, Public Policy]