Acknowledges.- Preface.- Introduction.- 1. Genetic Resources: What are genetic resources and their importance for food production?.- 1.1. About biological diversity.- 1.2. What are biological resources, genetic resources, and genetic heritage?.- 1.3. Genetic resources and food production.- 1.4. Animal genetic resources.- 1.5. Genetic resources of freshwater fishes in the world.- 1.6. Genetic resources for aquaculture species.- 1.7. Biogeography of fishes globally.- 1.8. Biogeography of fishes in the Neotropical region.- 1.9. Fish genetic resources in the Neotropical countries.- 1.10. Threats to FiGR.- 1.10.1. Damming.- 1.10.2. Fish introductions and hybridizations.- 2. Characterization of Genetic Resources.- 2.1. The genetic structure of populations.- 2.2. Population and stock concepts for FiGR management.- 2.3. Genetic variation and its importance for FiGR.- 2.4. Genetic markers used in the characterization of fish populations.- 2.5. Evolution in use of population-based genetic markers studies of Neotropical fishes.- 2.5.1. Allozyme Markers.- 2.5.2. Mitochondrial DNA-based Markers.- 2.5.3. RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA).- 2.5.4. Minisatellites and microsatellites.- 2.5.5. Single Nucleotides Polymorphism.- 3. Genetic Resources of Freshwater Neotropical Fishes.- 3.1. Introduction.- 3.2. Biologically defined units for management of aquatic organisms.- 3.3. Genetic evaluation of Neotropical fishes.- 3.4. Summary and Prospects.- 4. Prospective Views and Recommendations.- 4.1. Explore and exploit quantitative variation in native Neotropical species for aquaculture.- 4.2. Programmatic survey population genetic variation of critical species.- 4.2.1. Phylogenetic characterization of all lineages.- 4.2.2. Range-wide characterization of population genetic differentiation.- 4.2.3. Application to management.- 4.3. Recommended future work.- 4.3.1. Landscape genetic assessment of genetic variation.- 4.3.2. Seeking adaptation-related genetic variation.- 4.3.3. Landscape genomics.- 4.3.4. Genetically cognizant hatchery-based fishery supplementation.- About the Authors.- Glossary.- Index.
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