Foreword; Jean Gayon.- Introduction; Thomas Heams, Philippe Huneman, Guillaume Lecointre, Marc Silberstein.- Part 1. Concepts: Processes.- Variation; Thomas Heams.- Heredity; Thomas Heams.- Selection; Philippe Huneman.- Adaptation; Philippe Grandcolas.- Function; Armand de Ricqlés.- Part 2. Concepts: Patterns.- Character; Véronique Barriel.- Species; Sarah Samadi and Anouk Barberousse.- Descent (filiation); Guillauem Lecointre.- Life; Stéphane Tirard.- Part 3. Darwinism "At Work" Philosophy of Science.- Formalising Evolutionary Theory; Anouk Barberousse.- Continuities and Discontinuities of Variation Mechanisms in On the Origin of Species; Pascal Charbonnat.- Evolutionary Developmental Biology: Philosophical Issues; Alan C. Love.- Phenotypic plasticity: From microevolution to macroevolution; Antonine Nicoglou.- Darwin and molecular biology; Michel Morange.- Systems biology and evolutionary biology; Pierre-Alain Braillard.- The (in)determinism of biological evolution; where does the stochastic character of evolutionary theory come from? Christophe Malaterre and Francesca Merlin.- Darwin and phylogenetics: past and present; Pascal Tassy.- Telling the story of life; on the use of narrative; Guillaume Lecointre.- Part 4. Darwinism "At Work" From molecules to eco-systems.- What exactly is Synthetic Biology? Thomas Heams.- Evolutionary developmental biology and its contribution to a new synthetic theory; Guillaume Balavoine.- Behavior and Evolution: crossed glances; Henri Cap.- Sex and evolution: Pierre Henry Gouyon, Damien de Vienne, and Tatiana Girard.- Biological costs of a small stature for Homo sapiens females: new perspectives on stature sexual dimorphism; Priscille Touraille.- Ecology and evolution: Toward a multi-hierarchical connection; Julien DeLord.- The ecological niche: history and recent controversies; Arnaud Pocheville.- Darwin, Evolution, and Medicine: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives; Pierre-Oliver Méthot.- Part 5. Evolution in Other Sciences.- Evolutionary algorithms; Marc Schoenauer.- Artificial evolution of autonomous robots and virtual creatures; Nicolas Bredeche.- Evolutionary Psychology, Adaptation and Design: Stephen M. Downes.- Externalist Evolutionary Cognitive Science; Pierre Poirier and Luc Faucher.- Human Language: An Evolutionary Anomaly; Jean-Louis Dessalles.- Evolution, Society, and Ethics: Social Darwinism versus Evolutionary Ethics; Christine Clavien.- Darwinian Morality: Moral Darwinism; Jérȏme Ravat.- Origins and evolution of religion from a Darwinian point of view: synthesis of different theories; Pierrick Bourrat.- Current Darwinism in Social Science; Christophe Heintz and Nicolas Claidiére.- Evolutionary economics: a specific form of evolution? Eva Debray.- Phylo-Linguistics: Enacting Darwin's Linguistic Image; Mahé Ben Hamed.- Biological functions and semantic content: the teleosemantics; Franҫoise Longy.- Part 6. About Anti-Darwinism.- Evolutionism(s) and creationism(s); Olivier Brosseau and Marc Silberstein.- The theory of evolution in secondary schools: some teaching issues; Corine Fortin.