PART 1. INTRODUCTION.- Chapter 1. Why is it Important to Continue Studying the Behavioral Ecology and Conservation Management of Howler Monkeys?.- PART 2: BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY.- Chapter 2. Diets of Howler Monkeys.- Chapter 3. Insights into Reproductive Strategies and Sexual Selection in Howler Monkeys.- Chapter 4. Evidence of Alternative Dietary Syndromes and Nutritional Goals in the Genus Alouatta.- Chapter 5. Seed Dispersal by Howler Monkeys: Current Knowledge, Conservation Implications, and Future Directions.- Chapter 6. Interactions of Howler Monkeys with Other Vertebrates: A Review.- Chapter 7. Solving the Collective Action Problem During Intergroup Encounters: The Case of Black and Gold Howler Monkeys.- Chapter 8. Howler Monkey Positional Behavior.- Chapter 9. Ranging Behavior and Spatial Cognition of Howler Monkeys.- PART 3: CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT.- Chapter 10. The Ethnoprimatology of Howler Monkeys (Alouatta spp.): From Past to Present.- Chapter 11. Anthropogenic Habitat Modification, Tourist Interactions and Crop-Raiding in Howler Monkeys.- Chapter 12. Health and Welfare of Howler Monkeys in Captivity.- Chapter 13. Fruit as a Key Factor in Howler Monkey Population Density: Conservation Implications. Chapter 14. Conservation of Alouatta: Social and Economic Drivers of Habitat Loss, Information Vacuum and Mitigating Population Declines.- PART 4: CONCLUSION.- Chapter 15. New Challenges in the Study of Howler Monkey Behavioral Ecology and Conservation: Where we are and where we need to go?.