The Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) Programme is a co-operative effort by government, private industry and academia to apply advanced technology to resolving the problems of surface transportation. objective is to improve travel efficiency and mobility, enhance safety, conserve energy, provide economic benefits and protect the environment. The current demand for mobility has exceeded the available capacity of the roadway system. Because the highway system cannot be expanded, except in minor ways, the available capacity must be used more efficiently to handle the increased demand. ITS will apply advanced information processing, communications, sensing and computer control technologies to the problems of surface transportation. Considerable research and development efforts will be required to produce these new technologies and to convert technologies developed in the defence and space programmes to solve surface transportation problems. ITS has been subdivided into six interlocking technology areas.
This book addresses human factors concerns for four of these areas: Advanced Traveller Information Systems - a variety of systems that provide real-time, in-vehicle information to drivers regarding navigation and route guidance, motorist services, roadway signing and hazard warnings. Advanced Vehicle Control Systems refer to systems that aid drivers in controlling their vehicle particularly in emergency situations and ultimately taking over some or all of the driving tasks. Commercial Vehicle Operations address the application of ITS technologies to the special needs of commercial roadway vehicles including automatic vehicle identification, location, weigh-in-motion, clearance sensing, and record keeping. Advanced Traffic Management Systems monitor, control and manage traffic on streets and highways to reduce congestion using vehicle route diversion, automated signal timing, changeable message signs and priority control systems.
Two technical areas are not specifically addressed in individual chapters, but many aspects of them are covered in associated chapters: Advanced Rural Transportation Systems include systems that apply ITS technologies to the special needs of rural systems and include emergency notification and response, vehicle location and traveller information. Advanced Public Transportation Systems enhance the effectiveness, attractiveness and economics of public transportation and include fleet management, automated fare collections and real-time information systems.