PART I TOOLS OF THE ASTRONOMER.- Introduction.- A Review of Mathematical Concepts and Tools .- A Review of Graphing Techniques .- The Optics of Telescopes, I. Image Size and Brightness.- The Optics of Telescopes, II. Magnification and Chromatic Aberration.- PART II. THE SOLAR SYSTEM.- Introduction.- Earth, The Seasons and Local Latitude.- The Surface Roughness of the Moon, Reflection and Scattering from a Planetary Surface I. Surface Materials.- The Surface Roughness of the Moon, Reflection and Scattering from a Planetary Surface II. Beads and Surface Coverage.- The Formation of Impact Craters.- Determination of the Rotation Rate of Planets and Asteroids by Radar, I. Observations of Mercury .- Determination of the Rotation Rate of Planets and Asteroids by Radar, II. Observations of Simulated Planets.- The Orbit of Venus.- Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion .- The Galilean Satellites of Jupiter .- Thermal Radiation from a Planetary Subsurface, I. Calibration and Initial Measurements .- Thermal Radiation from a Planetary Subsurface, II. Soil Sample Measurements.- The Microwave Phase Effect of the Moon .- PART III. MEASURING THE STARS AND BEYOND.- Introduction.- Blackbody Radiation .- The Surface Temperature and Energy Output of the Sun.- The Theory of Atomic Spectra: The Balmer Lines .- Discovering the Nature of Objects in Space: Kirchhoff's Laws of Radiation.- Appendices.- Index