Part I: Mediterranean Diet and Lifestyle in a World Context.- Updating the Benefits of the Mediterranean Diet: From the Heart to the Earth.- Mediterranean Diet and Lifestyle in a Modern World Context.- Part II: Historical, Behavioral, and Geographical Perspective of the Mediterranean Diet and Lifestyle.- Historical and Behavioral Perspectives of the Mediterranean Diet.- Historical Origins of the Mediterranean Diet, Regional Dietary Profiles and the Development of the Dietary Guidelines.- Implementing the Mediterranean Diet: a French Perspective and Comparisons with other Mediterranean Countries.- Part III: Mediterranean Diet and Lifestyle for Health Promotion.- Mediterranean Oils and Fats, and Disease Risk.- Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease and Protection by the Mediterranean Diet.- Wine, Polyphenols and Cardioprotection.- Impact of Mediterranean Diet on Metabolic Syndrome.- Effects of Mediterranean Diet on the Metabolome.- Part IV: Aging and Cancer Risk.- The Value of the Mediterranean Diet for Older Adults: Emphasis on Obesity Interventions.- The Mediterranean Diet and Neurodegenerative Diseases.- The Mediterranean Diet and Breast Cancer.- Mediterranean Diet, Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colon Cancer.- Epigenetics of Mediterranean Diet: Altering Disease Risk.- Part V: Building a Mediterranean-Like Pyramid.- Physical Activity and the Mediterranean Diet.- Mediterranean Diet and Biodiversity.- Food-Based Approaches for Achieving Nutritional Adequacy with the Mediterranean DASH, and USDA Food Patterns.- Building the Mediterranean Pyramid-Part A: Mediterranean Recipes.- Building the Mediterranean Pyramid-Part B: Balancing the Plate.