Part 1. The Meaning and Dynamics of Mutualisms

1 The Scope and Meaning of Mutualisms

1.1 Introduction

References

2 Mechanisms and Maintenance

2.2 Stability and Integration of Mutualisms

2.3 Wider Community Stability

References

Part 2. Lessons from Classic Mutualisms

3 Classic Themes: Pollination Mutualisms of Insects and Plants

3.1 Introduction: Pollination Systems

3.2 Obligate Pollination Mutualisms

3.2.1 Figs and Fig-wasps

3.2.3 Other Examples

3.3 Nursery Pollination

3.4 Broader Perspective

References

4 Classic Themes: Ants, Plants and Fungi

4.1 Introduction to Ant-Plant Interactions

4.2 Extrafloral Nectaries

4.3 Food Bodies and Domatia

4.4 Ant Epiphytes

4.5 Ant Gardens

4.6 Myrmecocochory

4.7 Ants, Plants and Fungi

References

5 Classic Themes: Ants and Other Insects. Hemiptera

5.1 Introduction: Trophobiotic Associations

5.2 Ant-Hemiptera Mutualisms

References

6 Classic Themes: Ants and Other Insects. Lepidoptera

6.1 Introduction: Ants and Lycaenid Butterflies

6.2 Myrmecophily

References

7 Classic Themes: Other Insect Mutualisms

7.1 Introduction: the Remaining Variety

7.2 Termites and Fungi

7.3 Beetles and Fungi

7.4 Mullerian Mimicry

References

Part 3. Environmental Impacts and Insect Conservation: Lessons from Mutualisms

8 Impacts of Alien Invasive Species

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Impacts on Mutualisms