This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First CCF Conference, NLPCC 2012, held in Beijing, China, during October/November, 2012. The 43 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 151 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on applications on language computing; fundamentals on language computing; machine translation and multi-lingual information access; NLP for search, ads and social networks; question answering and Web mining.