The South China enclave of Macau was the first and last European colonial settlement in East Asia and a territory at the crossroads of different empires. In this pioneering and highly original study, Helena F. S. Lopes analyses the layers of collaboration that developed from neutrality in Macau during the Second World War. Exploring the intersections of local, regional and global dynamics, she unpicks the connections between a plurality of actors with competing and collaborative interests, including Chinese Nationalists, Communists, and collaborators with Japan, Portuguese colonial authorities and British and Japanese representatives. Lopes argues that neutrality eased the movement of refugees of different nationalities, who sought shelter in Macau during the war, and that it guaranteed the maintenance of two remnants of European colonialism - Macau and Hong Kong. Drawing on extensive research from multi-lingual archival material from Asia, Europe, Australasia and America, this book brings to light the multiple global connections framing the experiences of neutrality and collaboration in the Portuguese-administered enclave of Macau.