This collection of essays explores the development of the New Confucianism movement during the 20th century and questions whether it is, in fact, a distinctly new intellectual movement or one that has been mostly retrospectively created. The questions that contributors to this book seek to answer about this neo-conservative philosophical movement include: what has been the cross fertilization between Chinese scholars in China and overseas made possible by the shared discourse of Confucianism?; to what extent does this discourse transcend geographical, political, cultural, and ideological divides?; why do so many Chinese intellectuals equate Confucianism with Chinese cultural identity?; and does the Confucian revival of the 1990s in China and Taiwan represent a genuine philosophical renaissance or a resurgence in interest based on political and cultural factors?.