Leo Saint-Clair, alias the Nyctalope, was created in 1911 by Jean de La Hire, one of France's most prolific writer of adventure serials. Gifted with night vision, hypnotic powers, extraordinary senses and an artificial heart, Saint-Clair is a fearless adventurer who battles with a gallery of colorful super-villains. His adventures, which spanned 30 years, created a template that was later adopted by such pulp heroes as Doc Savage (1933), before providing the core mythology of American comic books. In Lucifer (1921), his second appearance and possibly his greatest battle, the Nyctalope faces Baron Glo von Warteck, a.k.a. Lucifer, whose tremendous hypnotic powers, amplified by his diabolical "teledynamo," threatens to enslave the world.