The famous oasis city of Palmyra, located in the Syrian Desert, has long been the subject of scholarly research, and over the last decade, it has been the focus of three key projects based at Aarhus University in Denmark. Together, these projects have yielded results that have both shed new light on Palmyra and profoundly changed what we know about the city itself and its place in the wider Roman Empire, through a focus on sculptural production, the sustainability and economy that underpinned this, urban development, excavation history, and legacy data. This volume, based on a conference organized under the auspices of the Palmyra research projects in Aarhus, draws together papers that reflect on our understanding of Palmyra up to now, and pave the way for new lines of enquiry. Experts in the field engage with discussions of best practice, offer new perspectives on the city, its society, and its environs, and outline approaches that will allow research to continue to break new ground in our understanding of Palmyra.