Sharing the costs of ill health is the mark of a civilised society. However every society has limited healthcare resources and must therefore make finely balanced decisions on how best to allocate them. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) has been responsible for the UK's health resource allocation for a decade. To inform its decisions a Citizens Council of 30 members of the general public was established by NICE to gauge the underlying values of the society it serves. A number of national and international organisations and governments have asked NICE to share its experiences in establishing and running the Citizens Council and encouraging and supporting patient involvement. As part of NICE's response this book provides an up to date 'position statement' on the Citizens Council an exploration of how patients interact with NICE and how their views are taken into account and a national and international perspective on new issues facing the interaction between patients the public and healthcare provision.