Naikan is a Japanese psychotherapeutic method which combines meditation-like body engagement with the recovery of memory and the reconstruction of one's autobiography in order to bring about healing and a changed notion of the self. Although it arose out of a Shin Buddhist self-cultivation practice, it has achieved success in Japan, in both hospitals and dedicated centres, as a therapy for addiction and physical and mental illnesses, and has spread abroad to both Europe and the USA. This book, based on original anthropological fieldwork, provides a detailed ethnography of Naikan in practice. In addition, it discusses key issues such as the role of memory, autobiography and narrative in health care, and the interesting borderland between religion and therapy, where Naikan occupies an ambiguous position. Overall, it will be of interest to people in a wide range of disciplines, including social and cultural anthropology, medical sociology, religious studies, Japanese studies and psychotherapy.