The papers in this book flowed from a Religious Liberty Conference convened jointly by the Sydney School of Law of The University of Notre Dame Australia, the International Center for Law and Religion Studies at Brigham Young University and the Research Unit for the Study of Society, Ethics and the Law at the University of Adelaide in 2018. The papers reflect insights and concerns about religious freedom when the Ruddock Review was considering whether religious liberty in Australia needed greater protection. Since that time, the Morrison government has commissioned the Australian Law Reform Commission to report on five of the Ruddock recommendations, the Australian Human Rights Commission has released a discussion paper of its own and the Commonwealth Attorney-General has released a draft Religious Discrimination Bill for discussion. The matters raised in these papers remain valid.