Asingle province in Canada-Saskatchewan-is blessed with a remarkable birthright: 50% of the free world's potash reserves. Potassium is a necessary ingredient of the fertilizer required to feed a growing world papulation. Accordingly, prices and corporate profits have-soared to unprecedented levels in recent decades. While other countries have taken steps to capture the value of their natural resources, Saskatchewan has failed to leverage the value of its potash and has given much of it up for an inadequate price. Billions of dollars of forgone revenue has resulted in tax unfairness, program underfunding, and a growing and worrying divide between the affluent and the very poor. Analysts from across the political spectrum have, identified this problem, as well as a straightforward solution. Unfortunately, the Saskatchewan government seems to rely upon the advice of the industry itself. The province now faces the game-changing issue of how to appropriately tax the small number of multinational conglomerates that own the potash mines. Whether or not the province obtains reasonable value for its potash will determine whether Saskatchewan will be a place of opportunity for all of its citizens or continue on a path of wealth for a few and extreme poverty for many.