In this book we study the Deontic Logic of the Talmud. We find the system is different from the formal deontic logical system currently used in the general scientific community, both in its ethical aspects as well as in its legal aspects. We show that the Talmudic distinctions between Obligations and Prohibitions are not based on the manner of execution of actions (positive action or lack of action) and offer a suitable model for such distinctions. Our model distinguishes between the normative and practical aspects of the Talmudic legal and ethical argumentation and discusses several applications and clarifications to current so called paradoxes of Deontic Logic as related to Contrary to Duties and to legal and ethical practical decision making.