This book is a response to the spread of wireless sensor technology into fields of health, safety, manufacturing, space, environmental, smart cities, advanced robotics, surveillance, and agriculture. So far, there has been no attempt to present in a single reference the unique aspects of wireless sensor system design, development, and deployment in such extreme environments or to explore the similarities and possible synergies between them. The application of wireless sensor systems in these environments has dramatically lagged behind their application in more conventional environments, and investigators and practitioners in all of these areas will benefit from a thorough understanding of the many benefits that wireless sensor systems can bring to solving the challenging problems encountered in such environments. In particular, the authors survey the challenging aspects of the problems and conditions encountered in space, underwater, underground, and other extreme industrial environments and explore the unique aspects of designs and solutions that address those problems and challenges. Connections, similarities, and differences between the challenges and solutions in the various environments are illuminated.