This contributed volume presents some recent theoretical advances in mathematics and its applications in various areas of science and technology. Written by internationally recognized scientists and researchers, the chapters in this book are based on talks given at the International Conference on Advances in Applied Mathematics (ICAAM), which took place December 16-19, 2013, in Hammamet, Tunisia. Topics discussed at the conference included spectral theory, operator theory, optimization, numerical analysis, ordinary and partial differential equations, dynamical systems, control theory, probability, and statistics. These proceedings aim to foster and develop further growth in all areas of applied mathematics.