Considering the rapid developments in digital and information technologies, artificial intelligence has long been a hot topic in medicine. This book discusses applications of artificial intelligence in anaesthesiology, including control of anesthesia, risk prediction, ultrasound guidance, pain management, and operating room logistics. This book first defines basic concepts of AI, and give a brief overview of a few algorithms frequently used in AI and machine learning. A review of current AI and machine learning applications for the prediction of anesthesia conditions is also discussed, including those for the prediction of difficult airways before surgery, of adverse events and sedation effects during surgery, and of vomiting and pain after surgery. Even without extensive promotion and clinical application, AI is in development in anesthesiology; furthermore, it has a great deal of potential to maintain further development in the future. Lastly, ethical and safety considerations are discussed alongside AI limitations and challenges in anesthesiology.