There has been a huge increase in Investment Treaty based arbitration claims against States in recent years. This book is aimed at practitioners and State legal advisers who need to identify and understand the key elements which underpin BIT based claims, with reference to the leading arbitral decisions from ICSID and UNCITRAL Investment Treaty Tribunals. "e;The book is a most useful manual for practitioners and students alike. It offers a practice-oriented review of the most important features of BITs and their application by tribunals"e; Professors Schreuer and Dolzer (University of Vienna and University of Bonn)