This book reports on original approaches intended to support the development of biologically inspired cognitive architectures. It bridges together different disciplines, including artificial intelligence, linguistics, neuro- and social sciences, psychology and philosophy of mind, among others. The chapters are based on contributions presented at the 2025 Annual International Conference on Brain-Inspired Cognitive Architectures for Artificial Intelligence (the 16th Annual Meeting of the BICA Society), held on August 6-8, 2024, in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico. They cover emerging methods, theories and ideas towards the realization of general-purpose humanlike artificial intelligence or fostering a better understanding of the ways the human mind works. Second of two volumes, this book provides engineers, mathematicians, psychologists, computer scientists and other experts with a timely snapshot of recent research and a source of inspiration for future developments in the broadly intended areas of artificial intelligence and biological inspiration.