This book presents real-world applications across sectors, focusing on economic security, energy transitions, digital agriculture, ESG reporting, and investment strategies—all informed by the Ukrainian experience of transformation and uncertainty. Comprising 20 comprehensive chapters, this book provides methodologies for risk assessment, performance evaluation, and decision-making in the fields of finance, enterprise management, and innovation ecosystems. It introduces tools such as logistic regression for assessing the health of banks, microgrid strategies for renewable energy, and transistor-based microsensors for biomedical monitoring. This book is ideal for researchers, analysts, and policy advisors, providing a framework for applying data-centric approaches to modern challenges in business, sustainability, and regional development.